Condiciones de Trabajo y Salud Vocal de Futuros Profesores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4321/s0465-546x2023000400004Palabras clave:
Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, Condiciones de Trabajo, Salud Vocal, Futuros Profesores, Revisión IntegrativaResumen
Introducción: La enseñanza es una profesión de alto riesgo para el desarrollo de desórdenes de la voz para los futuros profesores.
Objetivo: Reconocer las condiciones de trabajo y el estado de la salud vocal de futuros profesores antes del ejercicio propio de su profesión de acuerdo con lo reportado en la literatura.
Método: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Para la presente revisión se realizó búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: Academic Search Ultimate, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Proquest, Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Scopus y Taylor & Francis. Se incluyeron estudios originales relacionados con las condiciones de trabajo y de salud vocal de futuros profesores en inglés y portugués
Resultados: 22 registros cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y fueron objeto de análisis. La mayoría de los estudios han considerado el autoreporte de las condiciones de trabajo y salud vocal a través de cuestionarios. Los futuros profesores presentan alta prevalencia de problemas de voz incluso antes del ejercicio de su profesión. La prevalencia de punto (en el momento) oscila entre el 5,4% y el 56% y la prevalencia de periodo (año anterior) se encuentra entre el 36,9% y el 56%.
Conclusiones: Es necesario que se realicen más estudios en los futuros profesores involucrando un equipo multidisciplinario con el fin planear y ejecutar acciones desde la seguridad y salud en el trabajo para evaluar la voz subjetiva y objetivamente, promover la salud vocal y prevenir problemas de la voz que puedan repercutir durante la carrera docente.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Harold Zamir Taborda Osorio, Luis Miguel Cárdenas Castellanos
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