Características clínicas de COVID-19 en trabajadores sanitarios de tres hospitales de Madrid durante la primera ola de la pandemia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4321/s0465-546x2021000100002Palabras clave:
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, trabajadores de la salud, PCR de SARS-CoV-2 características clínicasResumen
Introducción: El objetivo Disminuir el área de incertidumbre con la comprensión de la sintomatología y la caracterización clínica dentro del entorno hospitalario.
Método: Este es un estudio descriptivo comparativo, donde se revisaron y compararon las manifestaciones clínicas de 255 trabajadores sanitarios con COVID-19 durante la primera ola (marzo-abril 2020). De acuerdo a las características se hizo el análisis de los resultados utilizando las pruebas chi cuadrado, U de Mann-Whitney/w de Wilcoxon y las medidas de tendencia central.
Resultados: La anosmia y la ageusia tuvieron un vínculo estadísticamente significativo con la obtención de un resultado positivo en la PCR: Anosmia p=0,001; Ageusia: p=0,00; fiebre (p=0,01) y la odinofagia (p=0,03). La tos 75,56%, mialgias 68,11%, cefalea 43,53%, anosmia 37,25%, fiebre 34,12 % y ageusia 31,76% sobresalieron dentro de los síntomas. La positividad de la PCR tras el inicio de los síntomas estuvo entre 1.5 a 4 días.
Conclusiones: Es primordial utilizar un enfoque que al menos incluya la fiebre, anosmia o ageusia al establecer aislamiento y la determinación de pruebas diagnósticas. La caracterización clínica es fundamental para poder establecer estrategias sanitarias efectivas. Nuevas variantes del SARS CoV-2 podrían alterar la efectividad de estas estrategias.
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