Follow-up, guidelines, and treatment of gestational toxoplasmosis

Abstract

Gestational toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii that is usually asymptomatic or mild in pregnant women but may have serious consequences for the fetus, including neurological, ocular, and developmental disorders. Variations in incidence and seroprevalence across countries and regions have led to different approaches to prevention and prenatal screening.

Current evidence suggests that early diagnosis of maternal infection, together with appropriate treatment during pregnancy, can significantly reduce the risk of vertical transmission and improve neonatal outcomes.

Screening policies vary considerably among countries owing to epidemiological, economic, and organizational factors. In Spain, prenatal screening for toxoplasmosis is not uniformly implemented and depends on regional healthcare policies and local clinical practice.

In conclusion, although uncertainty remains regarding the optimal screening strategy, the available evidence supports the integration of preventive measures, early diagnosis, timely treatment, and long-term follow-up of exposed infants in order to reduce the burden of congenital toxoplasmosis.