Occupational health in organizational contexts according to professional hierarchy and industry sector
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4321/Keywords:
occupational health; burnout; work engagement; professional hierarchy; managers.Abstract
Introduction: Burnout and work engagement are central constructs in occupational health psychology, particularly in organizational contexts characterized by different professional hierarchies and sector-specific demands. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of professional hierarchy and work sector on burnout and work engagement.
Method: A total of 179 active workers in Spain participated in the study, with ages ranging from 22 to 66 years. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and work engagement was measured with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Bayesian t-tests were conducted to examine differences according to work sector and professional hierarchy.
Results: Emotional exhaustion was significantly higher in the education sector compared to the commercial sector (F = 3.169; p = 0.026). In addition, managers showed significantly higher levels of vigor than employees (t = 3.15; p = 0.002). No significant differences were found in overall burnout levels across professional hierarchies.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that although managers have access to greater job resources, the high demands associated with their roles may offset these advantages. Professional hierarchy and work sector emerge as key factors for the development of targeted interventions aimed at promoting occupational health and preventing burnout in organizational settings.
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