Efectos del teletrabajo en la salud de los trabajadores: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4321/s0465-546x2025000100005Palabras clave:
teletrabajo; revisión sistemática; salud laboralResumen
Introducción: El teletrabajo es una modalidad laboral emergente. En la actualidad, el 24% de la población lo realiza, lo que lo convierte en un modelo de trabajo cada vez más común con características y efectos únicos sobre la salud de los trabajadores.
Método: La literatura científica recuperada fue sometida a revisión sistemática a partir de las bases de datos Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE (vía PubMed), Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina en Español, SCOPUS e Institute for Scientific Information-Web of Knowledge. Como descriptores se buscaron «teletrabajo», «ocupacional, grupos» y «salud, ocupacional» en el título, resumen y palabras clave. Los límites fueron los siguientes: ‘humanos’, ‘adultos’ y artículos originales.
Resultados: Se encontraron un total de 4.835 referencias. Tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión/exclusión, se seleccionaron 24 artículos: 15 son estudios transversales y nueve son estudios prospectivos de cohortes. La puntuación media de Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology fue de 18,55.Los criterios de la Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network arrojaron un grado de evidencia de 3 y una recomendación de D. La obsolescencia de las publicaciones fue moderada (semiperiodo Burton-Kebler: 3,00; índice de precios: 87,50%).
Conclusiones: Los artículos revisados presentaron un índice de obsolescencia adecuado. Sin embargo, sus grados de evidencia y recomendación impidieron de forma exhaustiva, asegurar la validez y fiabilidad de las observaciones realizadas. Existe una asociación entre el teletrabajo y los efectos sobre la salud física y mental, incluyendo mayores niveles de estrés, mala salud mental, mayor prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos y problemas visuales.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Irene Martínez Gárate, Beatriz Casal Pardo, Laura Valdés del Olmo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
